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Arthrogryposis

June 29, 2018

Disease summary

Arthrogryposis refers to multiple congenital joint contractures and resulting restriction of movements. It is a clinical feature that occurs as part of >300 different disorders. Distal arthrogryposes are a specific type of arthrogryposis disorders that involve contractures in ≥2 distal parts of the limbs and the absence of neurological/muscle disease. Pathogenic variants in >10 genes (TPM2, MYBPC1, MYH3, TNNT3, TNNI2, MYH8, FBN2, PIEZO2, ECEL1, DOK7, RAPSN) that encode proteins important for the myofibers contractile functions, can cause distal arthrogryposis. 1, 2

 

Autosomal dominant

1/3,0002

Major clinical symptoms for arthrogryposis include the following 1, 2:

  • Upper limbs:

    • camptodactyly (permanent banding of one or more fingers)
    • hypoplastic and/or absent flexion creases
    • overriding fingers
    • ulnar deviation at the wrist

  • Lower limbs:

    • talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
    • vertical talus (rocker bottom feet)
    • other foot deformities (calcaneovalgus  talipes, metatarsus varus)

  • ≥2 above major symptoms in an individual
  • ≥1 of the major symptoms in an individual with an affected family member (with ≥2 symptoms)
  • Known pathogenic variant in one of the following genes: TPM2, MYBPC1, MYH3, TNNT3, TNNI2, MYH8, FBN2, PIEZO2, ECEL1, DOK7, RAPSN

There is no cure for arthrogryposis but different management and interventions can relieve symptoms 1, 2

  • Surgical correction of the contractures
  • Complex multi-disciplinary treatment involving pediatricians, physiotherapists, geneticists, orthopedic surgeons, and orthotic specialists. 
  • Osteochondrodysplasias
  • Holt-Oram syndrome
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • Otopalatodigital syndrome
  • Nemaline myopathy
  • Oculodentodigital syndrome
  • Ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia

To confirm/establish the diagnosis, CENTOGENE offers the following tests:

  • Arthrogryposis NGS Panel which includes sequencing of the genes TPM2, MYBPC1, MYH3, TNNT3, TNNI2, MYH8, FBN2, PIEZO2, ECEL1, DOK7, RAPSN
  • Arthrogryposis NGS Panel + CNV which includes sequencing and additionally detection of large deletions and duplications from the NGS data
  • Individuals with a positive family history of distal arthrogryposis.
  • Individuals that meet the diagnostic criteria for distal arthrogryposis (regardless of family history).

Why is this test good for the patient?

Confirmation of a clinical diagnosis through genetic testing of Arthrogryposis can allow for genetic counseling and may direct medical management.